Refine results Hide detailed filters Vehicle typeAll Air-launched hypersonic rocket-powered research aircraft Air-launched rocket-powered SpaceShipTwo test vehicle Air-launched rocket-powered suborbital spaceplane All-sky near-infrared spectral survey observatory Almaz OPS military station American crew launch vehicle Androgynous international docking system Androgynous spacecraft docking mechanism Apollo Block I command and service module Apollo Block I command module Apollo Block II command and service module Apollo boilerplate test article Apollo command/service and lunar module spacecraft Apollo lunar module flight article Apollo spacecraft test article Asteroid flyby, orbiter, and lander Asteroid orbiter, lander carrier, impactor, and sample-return spacecraft Asteroid rendezvous and sample-return spacecraft Asteroid sample-return and extended-mission spacecraft Astrometry observatory Astronaut propulsion unit Astronaut rescue propulsion unit Astrophysics and attitude-control station module Atlas D orbital launch vehicle Atmospheric and solar observatory payload Atmospheric imaging experiment Atmospheric remote-sensing instrument Augmented Thor and restartable Agena launch vehicle Augmented three-stage Earth-observation launch vehicle Augmented three-stage geostationary satellite launch vehicle Autonomous kinetic-impact planetary-defense demonstrator Autonomous robotic semiconductor-processing laboratory Binary-asteroid rendezvous and planetary-defense surveyor Broad-band X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy observatory Cancelled crewed Soyuz 7K-OK mission vehicle Cancelled Space Shuttle mission configuration Chinese crewed orbital and station-transport spacecraft Chinese heavy-lift orbital launch vehicle Classified defense spacecraft Close-Sun imaging and in-situ observatory Closed-loop spacecraft life-support equipment Cloud, aerosol, precipitation, and radiation observatory Combined optical and cryogenic thermal-test payload Comet flyby and sample-return spacecraft Comet impactor, flyby, and exoplanet observatory Comet orbiter and lander Command-module launch escape system Commercial cargo demonstration flight Commercial crew-transport flight Commercial external payload airlock Commercial lunar payload lander Commercial pressurized research and logistics module Commercial pressurized research module Commercial south-polar lunar payload lander Communications satellite Contingency rendezvous and docking target Cosmic microwave background observatory Cosmic-ray and micrometeoroid satellite Crew Dragon and Falcon 9 mission stack Crew escape tower and protective fairing Crew exploration spacecraft Crew launch vehicle Crew spacecraft Crew-operated digital geolocation camera system Crew-operated direct-view optical observation system Crew-rated suborbital launch vehicle Crewed ASTP Soyuz spacecraft Crewed commercial lunar landing system Crewed lunar and Earth-orbit spacecraft Crewed lunar lander Crewed lunar lander concept Crewed orbital workshop and solar observatory Crewed orbital-station mission configuration Cross-bay multidisciplinary Hitchhiker research carrier Cryogenic all-sky infrared telescope and near-Earth-object surveyor Cryogenic in-space upper stage Cryogenic infrared survey observatory Cryogenic instrument cooling upgrade Cryogenic launch-vehicle core stage Cryogenic propellant tank and structural backbone Cryogenic two-stage launch vehicle with solid augmentation Deep-space technology demonstrator and flyby probe Deployable 60-meter spacecraft structure Deployable multispectral signature-survey payload Deployable orbital photovoltaic power system Deployable plasma-physics instrument Deployable rendezvous-training target Deployable solar-array experiment Deployable space-structure technology demonstrator Docking, control, and experiment module DOS civilian station DOS-7 modular orbital-station base block Dual-frequency synthetic-aperture radar Earth observatory Earth atmospheric observatory Earth science satellite Earth-observation and climate satellite Earth-observation and life-science station module Earth-observation radar Earth-observation radar laboratory Earth-observation satellite Earth-radiation and climate satellite Earth-radiation and space-environment satellite Electrodynamic tether experiment Electrodynamic tether research spacecraft Engineering prototype Enterprise test configuration European International Space Station research laboratory EVA and life-support station module EVA construction experiment EVA mobility experiment Exoplanet transit and asteroseismology observatory Expandable technology-demonstration module Expendable two-stage solid-propellant upper stage Experimental communications satellite Experimental EVA propulsion and life-support backpack Experimental weather and Earth-science satellite Experimental weather satellite External experiment logistics carrier External International Space Station research platform External spare-parts platform Far-infrared space observatory Five-segment solid-propellant launch booster Four-element robotic lunar sample-return spacecraft Four-spacecraft polarized heliospheric imaging constellation Four-stage Indian orbital launch vehicle mission configuration Four-stage lunar-probe launch vehicle Four-stage orbital launch vehicle Four-stage solid-fuel launch vehicle Four-stage solid-propellant satellite launch vehicle Gamma-ray, X-ray, and optical space observatory Gemini spacecraft Geodetic and space-environment research satellite Geodetic and space-environment satellite Geomagnetic and atmospheric-density satellite Geophysics and space-environment satellite Geospace and heliophysics spacecraft Geostationary environmental satellite Geostationary tracking and data-relay satellite Geostationary ultraviolet-visible air-quality spectrometer Global Mars atmosphere and weather orbiter Global rain-and-snow radar and microwave observatory Hand-held comet imaging and spectroscopy package Heavy launch vehicle with restartable upper stage Heavy orbital and interplanetary launch vehicle Heavy planetary launch vehicle Heliophysics and geospace observatory Heliosphere-mapping and space-weather observatory High-capacity cryogenic upper stage High-energy astronomy observatory High-energy two-stage launch vehicle High-precision exoplanet transit observatory High-resolution X-ray and soft gamma-ray observatory High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy and imaging observatory High-throughput geostationary communications satellite and hosted-payload platform Hubble corrective-optics instrument Hubble imaging instrument Hubble imaging spectrograph Hubble infrared camera and spectrometer Hubble ultraviolet spectrograph Hubble ultraviolet-visible-infrared camera Human-rated launch vehicle Humanoid space robotics technology demonstrator Hyperspectral ocean-color and atmospheric-polarimetry observatory Indian lunar launch mission configuration Indian orbital launch vehicle mission configuration Inflatable atmospheric-density and radar-tracking satellite Infrared space observatory Integrated Mars orbiter, lander, and rover system Interferometric radar mapping payload International Space Station central truss International Space Station connecting and life-support module International Space Station connecting module International Space Station control and storage module International Space Station dexterous maintenance robot International Space Station docking adapter International Space Station docking and berthing adapter International Space Station exercise device International Space Station external spare-parts carrier International Space Station external spare-parts platform International Space Station observation and robotics workstation International Space Station particle-physics observatory International Space Station port truss International Space Station power and structural truss International Space Station power and thermal truss International Space Station power-truss rotation mechanism International Space Station rail vehicle International Space Station research laboratory International Space Station resident-crew expedition International Space Station robotics work platform International Space Station service and habitation module International Space Station spacewalk module International Space Station starboard truss International Space Station structural and systems truss International Space Station truss spacer Interplanetary and magnetospheric monitoring platform Interplanetary technology demonstrator and Mars science orbiter Ion-propelled dust observatory and high-speed asteroid flyby probe Japanese International Space Station research laboratory Japanese orbital launch vehicle Japanese pressurized station storage module Japanese station robotic arm Jet-powered atmospheric Buran flight-test vehicle Jupiter orbiter and atmospheric probe Jupiter orbiter and Europa flyby spacecraft Jupiter-system flyby and Ganymede orbiter Laser-altimetry Earth observatory Laser-ranging geodynamics satellite Launch escape system Launch vehicle Launch vehicle / satellite test vehicle Light orbital launch vehicle Liquid-hydrogen staged-combustion rocket engine Long-duration external environment exposure facility Long-duration orbital materials exposure facility Lunar exosphere and dust orbiter Lunar impactor and instrument capsule Lunar impactor and plume-observing spacecraft Lunar mapping orbiter Lunar mapping, science, and technology orbiter Lunar navigation and orbit-demonstration CubeSat Lunar orbiter and technology demonstrator Lunar polar orbiter and impact probe Lunar polar orbiter with landing and rover attempt Magnetic cosmic-ray particle detector Magnetospheric, solar, and Earth-imaging satellite Mars astrobiology and sample-caching rover Mars atmospheric chemistry, surface mapping, and relay orbiter Mars geophysics lander Mars orbiter Mars orbiter and lander spacecraft Mars polar lander Mars rover Mars surface, subsurface, atmosphere, and moons orbiter Mars upper-atmosphere orbiter Mars-system sample-return flight system Materials exposure satellite Materials research payload Medium orbital launch vehicle with upper stage Mercury boilerplate test article Mercury flyby and orbital spacecraft Mercury spacecraft Mercury spacecraft test article Mercury tracking-network test payload Metal-rich asteroid orbiter Military communications satellite Mir research module Missile-warning satellite Mission-specific Space Shuttle flight stack Mobile International Space Station robotic arm Mobile launch platform and umbilical tower Modified Apollo command and service module Modified Apollo rescue and backup spacecraft Modified Boeing 747-123 orbiter carrier aircraft Modified multi-person Vostok-derived spacecraft Modular Chinese orbital space station Modular crewed lunar-orbit space station Modular multinational orbital research laboratory Modular Soviet and Russian orbital space station Multi-frequency synthetic-aperture radar Multi-instrument defense-research payload Multiple-asteroid flyby spacecraft Multipurpose communications and weather satellite Multiwavelength space observatory Navigation satellite constellation Ocean-observation and radar-altimetry satellite Operational solar-wind and coronagraph observatory Optical Earth-observation satellite family Orbital and interplanetary launch vehicle Orbital astronomy observatory Orbital launch vehicle Orbital launch vehicle and upper-stage configuration Orbital launch vehicle configuration Orbiter duration-extension system Orion power, propulsion, and life-support module Outer-planet and interstellar probe Permanent International Space Station storage module Permanent space-station docking extension Photon-counting laser-altimetry Earth observatory Pinpoint lunar lander and miniature rover system Planned crew launch vehicle Planned crew transfer and rescue spacecraft Planned human-observation terrain-analysis experiment Planned military crew transport and reconnaissance station Planned modular space station Planned reusable piloted hypersonic boost-glider Pluto and Kuiper Belt flyby spacecraft Polar Jupiter orbiter Precipitation-observation satellite Precision astrometry space observatory Pressurized international research laboratory Pressurized life-sciences laboratory Pressurized logistics and research module Pressurized lunar-orbit habitation and command module Pressurized materials and life-sciences laboratory Pressurized microgravity laboratory Pressurized orbital laboratory mission Pressurized orbital life-science and physics laboratory Pressurized orbital neuroscience laboratory Pressurized orbital physical-science laboratory Pressurized orbital research laboratory Private astronaut mission Private astronaut transport spacecraft assignment Progress 7K-TG cargo spacecraft Progress-M cargo spacecraft Progress-M1 cargo spacecraft Progress-M1 spacecraft Purpose-built infrared planetary-defense survey telescope Radar Earth-observation satellite family Radar reconnaissance satellite Radiation and micrometeoroid research satellite Radiation-hardened spacecraft computer upgrade Radioisotope-powered Titan rotorcraft lander Reconfigurable crew-operated microgravity laboratory Rendezvous and docking target vehicle Reusable autonomous vertical-launch suborbital system Reusable Crew Dragon spacecraft Reusable crewed spacecraft and gliding reentry vehicle Reusable free-flying astronomy platform Reusable free-flying atmospheric observatory Reusable free-flying experiment platform Reusable free-flying materials platform Reusable free-flying research platform Reusable free-flying solar observatory Reusable free-flying ultraviolet observatory Reusable heavy-lift orbital launch vehicle Reusable Japanese free-flying research spacecraft Reusable orbital astronomy observatory Reusable orbital ultraviolet observatory Reusable pressurized orbital laboratory Reusable pressurized station logistics carrier Reusable segmented solid-propellant launch booster Reusable Soviet orbital spaceplane Reusable technology free flyer Reusable throttleable liquid-hydrogen/liquid-oxygen staged-combustion rocket engine Robotic atmospheric probe Robotic comet flyby Robotic heliocentric solar-weather observatory attempt spacecraft Robotic heliocentric solar-weather observatory spacecraft Robotic lunar and asteroid explorer Robotic lunar flyby Robotic lunar lander Robotic lunar lander and rover Robotic lunar orbiter Robotic lunar photographic orbiter Robotic lunar sample-return lander Robotic lunar soft-landing and rover mission Robotic mars flyby attempt spacecraft Robotic mars flyby spacecraft Robotic Mars orbiter Robotic Mars orbiter and lander Robotic mars orbiter attempt spacecraft Robotic mars orbiter spacecraft Robotic Mars orbiter, lander, and rover Robotic outer-planet flyby Robotic planetary helicopter Robotic probes and balloons Robotic rover mission Robotic spacecraft mission Robotic venus atmospheric multiprobe spacecraft Robotic venus flyby attempt spacecraft Robotic venus flyby spacecraft Robotic venus gravity assist and mercury flybys spacecraft Robotic Venus lander Robotic Venus orbiter Robotic Venus orbiter and lander Robotic venus orbiter spacecraft Robotic-arm technology demonstrator Roll-out solar-array pair Russian docking compartment and airlock Russian International Space Station docking and research module Russian mini-research and docking module Russian multipurpose laboratory module Russian nodal docking module Satellite Satellite rescue upper stage Satellite servicing technology demonstrator Saturn I development vehicle Saturn IVB orbital test stage Saturn orbiter and Titan atmospheric lander Second-generation DOS orbital station Series of Soviet civilian and military orbital space stations Shuttle robotics load-test article Single-person Soviet orbital spacecraft Six-experiment spacecraft-technology Hitchhiker payload Soft X-ray Bragg-crystal spectrometer pair Soil-moisture and freeze-thaw Earth observatory Solar and heliophysics observatory Solar observatory Solar observatory and station attitude-control assembly Solar ultraviolet and space-environment satellite Solar X-ray and space-environment satellite Solar-electric power and propulsion spacecraft Solar-polar heliophysics probe Solid-fuel Apollo abort-test launch vehicle Solid-fuel Mercury test launch vehicle Solid-propellant upper stage Soviet crewed orbital and station-transport spacecraft family Soviet super-heavy expendable launch vehicle Soyuz crew-transport flight Soyuz spacecraft configuration modified for Apollo-Soyuz Soyuz T crew transport Soyuz T crew transport and launch-escape vehicle Soyuz-MS spacecraft Soyuz-TM crew transport spacecraft Soyuz-TM spacecraft Soyuz-TMA spacecraft Space Shuttle approach-and-landing test orbiter Space Shuttle docking adapter and airlock Space Shuttle heat-shield inspection boom Space Shuttle orbiter Space-telescope power system Space-weather and whole-Earth observatory Spaceborne atmospheric lidar Spin-stabilized close-Sun probe Spin-stabilized lunar orbiter Station airlock and systems module Sun-Earth L1 solar and space-weather observatory Super heavy-lift launch vehicle Technology and docking station module Television lunar impactor Thermal-control experiment Three-core heavy-lift launch vehicle Three-stage applications-satellite launch vehicle Three-stage astronomy satellite launch vehicle Three-stage deep-space launch vehicle Three-stage early satellite launch vehicle Three-stage Earth-observation launch vehicle Three-stage geostationary satellite launch vehicle Three-stage lunar-probe launch vehicle Three-stage orbital launch vehicle Three-stage orbital launch vehicle and test-vehicle family Three-stage satellite launch-vehicle family Three-stage scientific satellite launch vehicle TKS cargo transport with recoverable Merkur capsule TKS spacecraft and Functional Cargo Block TKS-derived station module Transfer airlock and docking adapter Transportable launch-support platform Trapped-radiation research satellite Twin Earth-gravity mapping satellites Twin lunar gravity-mapping orbiters Twin Mars magnetosphere and atmospheric-escape orbiters Twin Mercury orbiters and transfer module Twin polar-cusp magnetic-reconnection satellites Twin robotic Venus orbiters Two-person orbital spacecraft Two-stage commercial and government launch vehicle Two-stage expendable launch vehicle Two-stage geostationary satellite launch vehicle Two-stage heavy orbital launch vehicle with two solid boosters Two-stage heavy-lift development launch vehicle Two-stage launch vehicle with five-meter fairing and four solid boosters Two-stage multiple-payload satellite launch vehicle Two-stage orbital and lunar launch vehicle Two-stage orbital launch vehicle Two-stage polar-orbit launch vehicle Two-stage Skylab launch vehicle Two-stage storable-propellant launch vehicle Ultraviolet exosphere observatory Ultraviolet imaging telescope Ultraviolet telescope Uncrewed Apollo-Soyuz test spacecraft Uncrewed commercial crew flight test Uncrewed communications and technology satellite Uncrewed Earth-observation satellite Uncrewed European cargo flight Uncrewed geophysics and heliophysics observatory Uncrewed heliocentric space-science mission Uncrewed Japanese cargo flight Uncrewed lunar flyby Uncrewed lunar flyby attempt Uncrewed lunar orbiter attempt Uncrewed lunar orbiter attempt and near-Earth science mission Uncrewed lunar orbiter mission lost during prelaunch test Uncrewed meteorological satellite Uncrewed navigation and geodesy satellite Uncrewed orbital astronomy observatory Uncrewed orbital-station cargo spacecraft Uncrewed passive communications and geodesy satellite Uncrewed Russian cargo flight Uncrewed Soyuz 7K-OK spacecraft Uncrewed Soyuz 7K-T replacement ferry Uncrewed Soyuz 7K-T station ferry Uncrewed Soyuz T qualification spacecraft Uncrewed U.S. cargo flight Unpressurized microgravity research pallet Unpressurized microgravity science payload Unpressurized orbital science pallet Unpressurized Space Shuttle logistics carrier Upgraded Progress prototype Upgraded Soviet and Russian crew transport spacecraft Venus atmospheric orbiter Venus flyby spacecraft and atmospheric probe Venus radar and infrared mapping orbiter Venus radar-mapping orbiter Vesta and Ceres orbiter Visible and near-infrared cosmology observatory Visible and near-infrared exoplanet transit telescope Wide-field exoplanet transit and asteroseismology observatory Wide-field near-infrared space observatory Wide-swath water-surface altimetry observatory X-ray polarimetry observatory X-ray polarimetry space observatory X-ray telescope X-ray, ultraviolet, and visible-light space observatory DestinationAll 100-kilometer lunar polar orbit and south-polar impact site 404-mile (650-kilometer) sun-synchronous terminator orbit 464-mile (747-kilometer) sun-synchronous orbit with a twelve-day exact repeat 48-hour highly elliptical Earth orbit 570-kilometer circular low Earth orbit 700-kilometer Sun-synchronous dusk-dawn Earth orbit Alphonsus crater, Moon Apophis and asteroid 3200 Phaethon flybys Approximately 100-kilometer lunar polar orbit and south-polar landing region Approximately 400-kilometer near-circular Mars orbit Approximately 575-kilometer circular low Earth orbit Approximately 700-kilometer polar Earth orbit Approximately 900-kilometer circular polar Earth orbit Asteroid 25143 Itokawa and Earth Asteroid 9969 Braille and Comet 19P/Borrelly Asteroid Annefrank, Comet Wild 2, Earth, and Comet Tempel 1 Asteroid Bennu, Earth sample return, and asteroid Apophis Asteroid Ryugu, Earth, and asteroid 1998 KY26 Asteroids 253 Mathilde and 433 Eros Cabeus crater, lunar south pole Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Comets Tempel 1 and Hartley 2 plus remote exoplanet observations Didymos and Dimorphos Dimorphos in the Didymos binary asteroid system Earth orbit Earth's Moon Earth's Moon and cislunar space Earth's Moon and planned asteroid 1620 Geographos Earth's time-variable gravity field Elliptical Earth orbit Elliptical heliocentric orbit approaching within 26 million miles (42 million kilometers) of the Sun Elliptical Mars orbit Elysium Planitia, Mars Fifteen of the required preplanned sites were acquired, with remaining exposures devoted to alternate targets of opportunity Gale Crater, Mars Geostationary orbit Halley's Comet Halo orbit around Sun-Earth L1, about 1.5 million kilometers from Earth Halo orbit around Sun-Earth Lagrange point 1 Halo orbit around Sun-Earth Lagrange point 1, about one million miles from Earth Halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L2 point Heliocentric orbit between Earth and Venus Highly elliptical Earth orbit Highly elliptical near-polar Mars orbit Inclined low Earth orbit Internal computer accepted closest-approach time, off-nadir direction, altitude, and velocity for as many as three targets International Space Station Jezero Crater, Mars Jupiter and deep space Jupiter and Saturn Jupiter gravity assist and high-latitude heliocentric orbit Jupiter system Jupiter system and Europa Jupiter, Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede Late-year geometry emphasized the Antarctic ozone-hole aftermath and Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation Lissajous orbit around Sun-Earth Lagrange point 1, about one million miles from Earth Lissajous orbit around Sun-Earth Lagrange point 1, nearly one million miles upstream of Earth Low Earth equatorial orbit Low Earth orbit Low Earth orbit with 21-day repeat cycle Low lunar orbit Low Mars orbit Lunar south-polar region Lunar surface Main-belt and Jupiter Trojan asteroids Malapert A region near the lunar south pole Mare Cognitum, Moon Mare Tranquillitatis, Moon Mars Mars orbit Mars system, Apophis, and Phaethon Mars transfer trajectory Mars, Phobos, and Deimos Medium Earth orbit Mercury Metal-rich asteroid 16 Psyche Mir Mir and the International Space Station Mir, Salyut 7, then Mir Mons Latreille region within Mare Crisium Mons Mouton region near the lunar south pole Moon Moon and asteroid Toutatis Near-polar low Earth orbit Near-rectilinear halo orbit around the Moon No earlier than September 12, 2026 Not reached Orbit around Sun-Earth Lagrange point 1 with a continuous view back toward Earth Planned Earth orbit Planned Sinus Viscositatis lunar landing; flown through cislunar space and returned to Earth Pluto system, Kuiper Belt, and outer heliosphere Polar orbit around Jupiter Protoplanet Vesta and dwarf planet Ceres Repeat passes included central North America, central Brazilian Amazon forests, and Russia's Kamchatka volcanoes Salyut 4 Salyut 6 Salyut 7 Saturn system and Titan Shiv Shakti Point in the Moon's south polar region Sun-Earth interplanetary space Sun-Earth L2 Sun-Earth L2 halo orbit Sun-Earth L2 halo orbit and final heliocentric disposal orbit Sun-Earth L2 quasi-halo orbit Sun-Earth L2 transfer Sun-synchronous low Earth orbit Sun-synchronous low Earth orbit with the spacecraft phased around Earth Sun-synchronous polar orbit about 420 miles (676 kilometers) above Earth The motor placed the satellite on a trajectory toward its roughly 22,300-nautical-mile operational altitude Three-day highly elliptical Earth orbit Titan, Saturn's largest moon Vastitas Borealis, Martian arctic Venus Venus and Halley's Comet Venus and Mercury Venus atmosphere and Alpha Regio Venus polar orbit Company / operatorAll Advanced Space for NASA Aérospatiale / Arianespace Alenia supplied the ASI satellite; Martin Marietta built the NASA deployer under Marshall Space Flight Center management ArianeGroup Arianespace Army Ballistic Missile Agency Astrobotic Technology for NASA Commercial Lunar Payload Services AT&T Bell Telephone Laboratories with NASA launch and tracking support Ballistic Missile Defense Organization and NASA Bigelow Aerospace Blue Origin Boeing Boeing and United Launch Alliance Boeing Launch Services Built by Ball Aerospace, now BAE Systems Space & Mission Systems Built by L'Garde, managed by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and carried by the autonomous Spartan-207 spacecraft China National Space Administration China National Space Administration and China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Chrysler / Marshall Space Flight Center CNES with European partners CNSA Communications Satellite Corporation and the interim Intelsat consortium Convair Convair / General Dynamics Convair and Lockheed Convair, Aerojet-General, Altair, and Space Technology Laboratories Designed and built at the University of Iowa for NASA's Shuttle plasma-environment investigations Douglas Aircraft Company Douglas Aircraft Company and Aerojet-General Douglas Aircraft Company and Lockheed Douglas Aircraft Company and Space Technology Laboratories Douglas Aircraft Company, Aerojet-General, and Space Technology Laboratories EOSAT with NOAA program oversight ESA, EUMETSAT, NASA, NOAA, CNES, and the European Commission European Space Agency European Space Agency / European Union European Space Agency and European industry European Space Agency and Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium European Space Agency and JAXA European Space Agency and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center European Space Agency and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory European Space Agency and Switzerland European Space Agency with member-state and NASA contributions European Space Agency with NASA and international consortium contributions European Space Agency with NASA and international partners European Space Agency with NASA ground and science partnership European Space Agency with strong NASA participation European Space Agency with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Federal Republic of Germany with NASA and United Kingdom partners Firefly Aerospace for NASA Commercial Lunar Payload Services Fluids Experiment Apparatus (FEA), developed and integrated by Rockwell International Space Transportation Systems Division General Dynamics General Dynamics / Convair German Aerospace Center with NASA and the United Kingdom Science and Engineering Research Council Glenn L. Martin Company Glenn L. Martin Company with multiple propulsion and guidance partners Grand Central Rocket Company Grumman Grumman Aerospace developed the prototype with NASA Johnson Space Center for prospective Space Station thermal-control service Hughes Aircraft Company Indian Space Research Organisation Intelsat International partnership led by NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA, and CSA Intuitive Machines for NASA Commercial Lunar Payload Services ISRO Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency with NASA, ESA, and Canadian participation JAXA JAXA / NASA / UKSA JAXA and Japanese industry JAXA Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Jet Propulsion Laboratory Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory for NASA Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory for the United States Navy Joint U.S.-Soviet or Soviet program organizations Khrunichev Khrunichev / RKK Energia Korea Aerospace Research Institute L3Harris Aerojet Rocketdyne Lanteris Space Systems Ling-Temco-Vought Ling-Temco-Vought for NASA Lockheed Martin Lockheed Missiles and Space Company Lockheed Missiles and Space Company developed the flight array under NASA Marshall Space Flight Center management Marshall Space Flight Center and Saturn contractors Martin Marietta Martin Marietta and General Dynamics Martin-Marietta Space Systems Division McDonnell McDonnell Aircraft McDonnell Aircraft / NASA Project Mercury team McDonnell Aircraft Corporation McDonnell Douglas McDonnell Douglas / Boeing McDonnell Douglas, Huntington Beach Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm manufactured the SPAS-II hardware Mission provider Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre NanoRacks / Thales Alenia Space / Boeing NASA NASA / Ames Research Center NASA / JAXA NASA / JPL NASA Ames NASA Ames Research Center NASA Ames Research Center and Jet Propulsion Laboratory NASA and Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory NASA and Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory NASA and U.S. Geological Survey NASA contractors including Boeing, North American Aviation, Douglas, IBM, and Rocketdyne NASA contractors including Chrysler, Rocketdyne, Douglas, and IBM NASA Exploration Ground Systems NASA Goddard and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and JAXA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Southwest Research Institute NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Space Telescope Science Institute NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the University of California, Berkeley NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and University of California, Berkeley NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and University of Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Wallops Flight Facility Shuttle Small Payloads Project managed the carrier and flight integration NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with Dutch, Finnish, and United Kingdom partners NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with French and Russian instrument partners NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with international instrument partners NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with international investigators NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with Johns Hopkins APL and Caltech NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with JPL, Caltech/IPAC, and Space Telescope Science Institute NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with Massachusetts Institute of Technology NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University of California, San Diego NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with national investigator teams NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with Pennsylvania State University and international partners NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with Southwest Research Institute NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with the U.S. Department of Energy and international partners NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with U.S. weather and research agencies NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with U.S., Japanese, and Canadian partners NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with university and federal laboratory investigators NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with university and federal laboratory teams NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with university and laboratory science teams NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with university science teams NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, European Space Agency, and United Kingdom Science and Engineering Research Council NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Arizona, and Lockheed Martin NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Arizona State University NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and CNES with Canadian and United Kingdom contributions NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and French space agency CNES NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and IPAC at Caltech NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Planetary Defense Coordination Office NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Southwest Research Institute NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Spitzer Science Center NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Indian Space Research Organisation NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and University of Arizona NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and University of Maryland NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory with Caltech, BAE Systems, and international science partners NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory with French, German, and international partners NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory with German and Italian instrument partners NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory with international instrument partners NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory with Italian, German, and French partners NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory with the Canadian Space Agency NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory with University of Arizona and international instrument teams NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, European Space Agency, and Italian Space Agency NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, German Aerospace Center, and GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences NASA Johnson Space Center's Space Station Freedom and Crew and Thermal Systems organizations sponsored the payload-bay test NASA Langley Research Center and French space agency CNES NASA Langley Research Center and Project Echo partners NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and Langley Research Center NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and Saturn contractors NASA Marshall Space Flight Center microgravity-science program NASA Marshall Space Flight Center with the Italian Space Agency NASA Marshall Space Flight Center with the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory NASA Space Network NASA with European Space Agency partnership NASA with Hampton University and Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics NASA with Hughes Aircraft Company NASA with Johns Hopkins University and international partners NASA with national and international investigator teams NASA with NOAA operational participation NASA with RCA-built spacecraft and international ground stations NASA with Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and investigator teams NASA with Southwest Research Institute NASA with the Federal Republic of Germany and United Kingdom NASA with University of California, Berkeley NASA with USGS, NOAA, and program partners NASA, CNES, NOAA, and EUMETSAT NASA, European Space Agency, Canadian Space Agency, and Space Telescope Science Institute NASA, Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programmes, and United Kingdom Science and Engineering Research Council Nissan and ISAS NOAA with NASA acquisition and launch partnership NOAA with spacecraft and instrument development managed by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NOAA, EUMETSAT, CNES, and NASA NOAA, NASA, and the United States Air Force North American Aviation North American Aviation / North American Rockwell North American Aviation, Grumman, or Apollo program contractors North American Rockwell North American Rockwell (CSM) and Grumman (LM) Northrop Grumman Northrop Grumman and predecessor organizations Orbital Sciences Corporation Progress Rocket Space Centre and NPO Lavochkin RCA for NASA and the United States Weather Bureau Redwire / Boeing RKK Energia Rocket Lab Rocket Lab for UC Berkeley Rocketdyne Division of North American Rockwell, later Boeing Rocketdyne and Aerojet Rocketdyne Rockwell International RSC Energia Scaled Composites Southwest Research Institute and University of Iowa for NASA Southwest Research Institute for NASA's Heliophysics Division Soviet and Russian space organizations led by NPO Energia and Khrunichev Soviet design and production organizations Soviet space program Soviet space program / international partners Space Technology Laboratories and United States program partners SpaceX The Spaceship Company U.S. Air Force Space Systems Division with experiments sponsored by SDIO, Phillips Laboratory, Naval Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, and Los Alamos U.S. Department of Defense U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; later NASA United Arab Emirates Space Agency United Kingdom with NASA and Federal Republic of Germany partners United Launch Alliance United States Explorer program partners United States Naval Research Laboratory and Project Vanguard partners United Technologies Chemical Systems Division; supplied through Hughes for Intelsat CountryAll Canada China Europe International Japan Soviet Union / Russia United States Historical eraAll 1960s–1970s 1980s–1990s 2000s–2010s 2020s Before 1960 Unknown
